Brucellosis and sacroiliitis: A differential diagnosis to keep in mind / Sacroiliitis por brucelosis: Un diagnóstico diferencial para tener presente

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is a zoonosis that causes a multi-organ granulomatous infection. It has diverse and non-specific clinic features that can make diagnosis difficult. Medical personnel often do not recognize it early. Delayed treatment is associated with high morbidity and even mortality. Its timely diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. The case is presented of a 35-year-old male zootechnologist, previously healthy, with a progressive picture of two months of evolution of irradiated low back pain to the left hip, nocturnal diaphoresis, and unintentional weight loss. Elevation of acute phase reactants was documented and magnetic resonance imaging found signs of iliopsoas tendonitis and inflammatory changes in the left sacroiliac joint. The IgG and IgM antibodies using an immunoassay forbrucella were positive. After establishing antibiotic treatment, a marked clinical improvement, with resolution of the inflammatory process was evident.

RESUMEN La brucelosis es una zoonosis que genera una infección granulomatosa multiorgánica. Tiene una clínica diversa e inespecífica que puede hacer difícil el diagnóstico. Con frecuencia, el personal médico no la reconoce de forma temprana. El retraso en el tratamiento se asocia con una gran morbilidad e incluso mortalidad. Su diagnóstico oportuno requiere un alto índice de sospecha. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 35 arios, zootecnista, previamente sano, con un cuadro progresivo de dos meses de evolución de dolor lumbar irradiado a cadera izquierda, diaforesis nocturna y pérdida no intencional de peso. Se documentó elevación de reactantes de fase aguda y en la resonancia magnética se encontraron signos de tendinitis del psoas y cambios inflamatorios en la articulación sacroilíaca izquierda. Los anticuerpos IgG e IgM por inmunoensayo para Brucella fueron positivos, y luego de instaurar tratamiento antibiótico se evidenció marcada mejoría clínica con resolución del proceso inflamatorio.

Sacroileítis infecciosa secundaria a un absceso del iliopsoas ­ reporte de un caso / Infectious sacroiliitis secondary to an iliopsoas abscess ­ a case report

La sacroileítis infecciosa (SII), también descrita en la literatura como sacroileítis séptica o piógena, es una patología infrecuente, y su diagnóstico constituye un reto debido a su rareza relativa y la diversa presentación clínica, que frecuentemente imita otros trastornos más prevalentes originados en estructuras vecinas. Se requiere un alto índice de sospecha y un examen físico acucioso para un diagnóstico oportuno, mientras que los estudios de laboratorio y de imagen ayudan a confirmar el diagnóstico y dirigir la estrategia de tratamiento apropiada para evitar complicaciones y secuelas a corto y mediano plazos. Presentamos un caso de paciente de género femenino de 36 años, con cuadro clínico de SII izquierda, secundaria a un absceso del músculo iliopsoas, condición que generalmente se presenta como una complicación de la infección. Se realizaron los diagnósticos clínico, imagenológico y Biológico, se inició el tratamiento antibiótico oportuno, y se logró una excelente evolución clínica, sin secuelas

Infectious sacroiliitis (ISI), also described in the literature as septic or pyogenic sacroiliitis, is an infrequent pathology, and its diagnosis constitutes a challenge due to its relative rarity and the diverse clinical presentation, frequently imitating other more prevalent disorders originating in neighboring structures. A high index of suspicion and a thorough physical examination are required in order to establish an opportune diagnosis, while laboratory and imaging studies help confirm the diagnosis and direct the appropriate treatment strategy to avoid complications and sequelae in the short and medium terms. We herein present a case of a female patient aged 36 years, with a clinical picture of left ISI, secondary to an iliopsoas muscle abscess, a condition that usually presents as a complication of the infection. The clinical, imaging and microbiological diagnoses were made, the timely antibiotic treatment was initiated, and an excellent clinical evolution without sequelae was achieved.

Clinical significance of group A streptococcal infection in pediatric patients with enthesitis related arthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To demonstrate the clinical significance of group A streptococcal infection (GAS) in patients with enthesitis related arthritis (ERA).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on ERA (136) and PolyRF-/Oligo juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (272) patients in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2016 to 2018. Anti-streptococcal hemolysin "O" (ASO) was tested and documented in all patients. The infection rate of GAS was compared between patients with ERA and PolyRF-/Oligo JIA. Patients with ERA were divided to two groups according to the result of ASO (ASO positive and ASO negative). All the clinical data were documented and compared within the two groups. The statistical methods used mainly include t test, rank sum test, chi-square test, and Spearman correlation analysis.Results:The GAS infection rate of patients with ERA was higher than patients with PolyRF-/Oligo JIA (17.6% vs 9.5%, χ2=5.52, P=0.019). In ERA patients, clinical data were analyzed, and a statistical significant difference was observed in the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 between ASO positive and ASO negative group [75.0%(18/24) vs 49.1%(55/112), χ2=5.329, P=0.021]. Statistical differences were found in Patrick's sign positive rate between the two groups [100%(24/24) vs 67.0%(75/112), χ2=10.61, P=0.001]. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the radiogr-aphic grading at the sacroiliac joint. More patients with positive ASO had grade Ⅲ damage at the sacroiliac joint compare to patients with negative ASO [68.2%(15/22) vs 28.4%(29/102), χ2=12.49, P<0.001]. The logarithmic of the ASO was slightly correlated with the radiographic grade of sacroiliac joint ( r=0.26, P=0.005). Conclusion:Patients with ERA are prone to be infected by GAS. It's probably related to HLA-B27 postivity for antigen presentation. Patients who were infected by GAS fre-quently have sacroiliac joint involvement, and tend to be more sever. This indicates that GAS may play an important role in the pathogenesis of sacroiliac joint destruction.

Sacroiliitis in children and adolescents with familial Mediterranean fever

Abstract Background: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis. Sacroiliitis can be observed in some FMF patients. This study aimed to compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings, and treatment in children with FMF and sacroiliitis, and children with juvenile spondyloarthropathy (JSpA). Methods: In total, 1687 pediatric FMF patients that were followed-up between May 2010 and June 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Among them, those with sacroiliitis ( n = 63) were included in the study and compared to patients with JSpA ( n = 102). Results: The study included 63 FMF patients with sacroiliitis (38 males [60.3%] and 25 females [39.7%]) with a mean age of 15.2 ± 4.1 years. Mean age at symptom onset was 7.2 ± 5.05 years and mean age at diagnosis was 9.74 ± 4.67 years. The most common mutation in the FMF patients was M694V/M694V ( n = 22). Patients were diagnosed with sacroiliitis with a mean of 12 months (range: 6-36 months) after the diagnosis of FMF. Among the FMF patients, 28 (44.4%) had enthesitis, 23 (36.5%) had heel pain, and 11 (17.4%) had low back pain. The study also included 102 JSpA patients (90 males [88.2%] and 12 females [11.8%]). Mean age of patients with JSpA was 16.1 ± 2.8 years. As compared to 102 JSpA patients, patients with FMF and sacroiliitis had higher acute phase reactants, whereas HLA- B27 positivity rate was lower. In addition, axial involvement rate was higher in the JSpA patients. Conclusion: Sacroiliitis is a common co-morbidity in FMF patients. The phenotypic features of these patients are different from patients with JSpA.

Tuberculosis diseminada en una adolescente con diabetes mellitus tipo 1: un caso inusual que imita una enfermedad autoinmune / Disseminated Tuberculosis in a girl with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An unusual case mimicking an autoimmune disease usage: case report

RESUMEN La tuberculosis es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en el mundo, a pesar de los múltiples controles y estrategias del tratamiento. La forma diseminada corresponde al 5 % de las presentaciones. Reportamos el primer caso en la literatura de una paciente adolescente con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y tuberculosis diseminada quien presentó síntomas constitucionales asociados con un dolor lumbar, inicialmente interpretado como sacroileítis no infecciosa y una probable enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

SUMMARY Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world despite multiple control and treatment strategies. Disseminated tuberculosis corresponds to 5% of cases. We report the first case in literature of an adolescent patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and disseminated tuberculosis, who had constitutional symptoms associated with low back pain and was initially, interpreted initially as noninfectious sacroiliitis and a probable inflammatory bowel disease.

Comparison between STIR and T2-weighted SPAIR sequences in the evaluation of inflammatory sacroiliitis: diagnostic performance and signal-to-noise ratio / Comparação do desempenho diagnóstico e da relação sinal-ruído das sequências SPAIR T2 e STIR na avaliação de sacroiliite inflamatória

Abstract Objective: To compare two different fat-saturated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques-STIR and T2 SPAIR-in terms of image quality, as well as in terms of their diagnostic performance in detecting sacroiliac joints (SIJ) active inflammation. Materials and Methods: We included 69 consecutive patients with suspected spondyloarthritis undergoing MRI between 2012 and 2014. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated with the method recommended by the American College of Radiology. Two readers evaluated SIJ MRI following ASAS criteria to assess diagnostic performance regarding the detection of active SIJ inflammation. T1 SPIR Gd+ sequence was used as the reference standard. Results: The mean SNR was 72.8 for the T1 SPIR Gd+ sequence, compared with 14.1 and 37.6 for the STIR and T2 SPAIR sequences, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of STIR and SPAIR T2 sequences did not show any statistically significant differences, for the diagnosis of sacroiliitis with active inflammation. Conclusion: Our results corroborate those in the recent literature suggesting that STIR sequences are not superior to T2 SPAIR sequences for SIJ evaluation in patients with suspected spondyloarthritis. On 1.5-T MRI, T2-weighted SPAIR sequences provide better SNRs than do STIR sequences, which reinforces that T2 SPAIR sequences may be an advantageous option for the evaluation of sacroiliitis.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade da imagem das técnicas de saturação de gordura T2 SPAIR e STIR e, adicionalmente, comparar o desempenho diagnóstico das duas sequências para detecção de inflamação ativa nas imagens de ressonância magnética (RM) das sacroilíacas. Materiais e Métodos: Foram incluídos 69 pacientes consecutivos que realizaram RM das articulações sacroilíacas no período de 2012 a 2014. O cálculo da relação sinal/ruído (RSR) foi realizado pelo método do Colégio Americano de Radiologia. O desempenho diagnóstico foi realizado utilizando os resultados da leitura das imagens da sequência T1 SPIR Gd+ como referência. Resultados: A avaliação da RSR mostrou média de 72,8 para a sequência T1 SPIR Gd+. A sensibilidade e a especificidade das sequências STIR e SPAIR 2 para o diagnóstico de sacroiliite com inflamação ativa não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão: Nossos resultados reforçam a literatura recente sugerindo que não há superioridade da sequência STIR em relação à sequência SPAIR T2 para a avaliação das sacroilíacas em pacientes com espondiloartrite. A sequência SPAIR T2 apresenta melhor RSR em relação à sequência STIR em imagens de RM de 1,5 T, o que reforça que a sequência SPAIR T2 possa ser utilizada como opção vantajosa na avaliação da sacroiliite inflamatória.

¿Permiten los entrenamientos de resonancia magnética en espondiloartritis mejorar la performance de los reumatólogos para el reconocimiento de secuencias y lesiones? / Does MRI training in spondyloarthritis improve the performance of rheumatologists on the recognition of sequences and lesions?

Introducción: La resonancia magnética (RM) es una herramienta diagnóstica fundamental en la espondiloartritis (EspA) axial. Objetivo: Estimar el porcentaje de aciertos en el reconocimiento de lesiones en RM de EspA y conocimientos teóricos, antes y después de realizar una intervención educativa. Estimar si la buena performance en los test se asocia a características individuales de los médicos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, con intervención activa, se midieron los resultados antes y después de un test con 10 preguntas antes y después del desarrollo de un taller de imágenes de RM en EspA en ciudades distintas de Argentina. Se consideró buena performance a quienes lograron más de 12 puntos entre las dos evaluaciones. Resultados: Se evaluaron en total 106 médicos. Los resultados de los test (total 10 preguntas) antes y después del taller fueron 53% de respuestas correctas y 68% respectivamente (p: 0.000). El 65% de los médicos alcanzaron una buena performance (más de 12 respuestas correctas). Conclusión: El porcentaje de aciertos fue mayor después del taller en forma general, la buena performance no se asoció a ninguna característica especifica de los médicos evaluados.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental diagnostic tool in axial spondyloarthritis, it has allowed us, unlike radiography, to diagnose this pathology much earlier. Objective: To estimate the percentage of correct answers in the recognition of SpA MRI lesions and theoretical knowledge, before and after performing an educational intervention. Estimate if the good performance in the tests is associated with individual characteristics of the doctors. Methods: A test was carried out with 10 questions (7 for image recognition and 3 for theoretical knowledge) before and after the development of an MRI image workshop in EspA in diferents cities in Argentina. The correct response number was considered before and after the workshop, and those who achieved more than 12 points between the two evaluations were considered good performance. The following physician characteristics were collected. Results: A total of 106 physicians were evaluated. The results of the tests (total 10 questions) before and after the workshop were 53% and 68% correct, respectively (p:0.000). 65% of the physicians achieved a good performance (more than 12 correct).

Arthrodesis Using Bilateral Dual Iliac Screws with Autologous Iliac Bone Transfer for the Treatment of Pyogenic Sacroiliitis

Clinical and imaging characteristics of 110 patients with infectious sacroiliitis / 中华内科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of infectious sacroiliitis.@*Methods@#A total of 110 patients diagnosed with infectious sacroiliitis were retrospectively analyzed between 2008 and 2017.Clinical manifestations and therapeutic responses, laboratory tests such as HLA-B27, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), T cell spot test for tuberculosis infection(TB-SPOT), Brucella agglutination test ect., blood culture of pathogens, pathological findings as well as magnetic resonance imaging were all recorded and analyzed.@*Results@#Among the 110 patients, the male to female ratio was 44 to 66 with an average age 15-58(29.4±10.8) years and the course of disease 0.3-60 (5.7±13.2) months. As to the pathogens, 71 cases were pyogenic, 24 cases with tuberculous sacroiliitis, and 15 cases were brucellosis infections. The majority of patients (97.3%) had unilateral sacroiliac joint involvement. Ten (9.1%) patients suffered infectious sacroiliac arthritis after delivery. Hip pain was the main clinical manifestation (83/110,75.5%) and fever as the second (77/110,70.0%). HLA-B27 was positive in 11 patients (10.0%). Both ESR and CRP were elevated in the majority. There were 103 patients receiving sacroiliac joint puncture biopsy. Seven patients were diagnosed through blood culture or brucellosis agglutination test. Bone marrow edema and osteolytic lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were more common in pyogenic or tuberculous sacroiliitis than in brucellosis infections.@*Conclusion@#Infectious sacroiliitis should be differentiated from spondyloarthritis, which develops more in female patients, with short disease duration and fever, mostlynegative HLA-B27. The majority patients present unilateral sacroiliitis. Active inflammatory lesions are usually beyond sacroiliac joints with osteolytic changes in MRI examinations.

¿Permiten los entrenamientos de resonancia magnética en espondiloartritis mejorar la performance de los reumatólogos para el reconocimiento de secuencias y lesiones? / Do magnetic resonance training in spondyloarthritis improve the performance of rheumatologists for the recognition of sequences and lesions?

Introducción: La resonancia magnética (RM) es una herramienta diagnóstica fundamental en la espondiloartritis (EspA) axial. Objetivo: Estimar el porcentaje de aciertos en el reconocimiento de lesiones en RM de EspA y conocimientos teóricos, antes y después de realizar una intervención educativa. Estimar si la buena performance en los test se asocia a características individuales de los médicos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, con intervención activa, se midieron los resultados antes y después de un test con 10 preguntas antes y después del desarrollo de un taller de imágenes de RM en EspA en ciudades distintas de Argentina. Se consideró buena performance a quienes lograron más e 12 puntos entre las dos evaluaciones. Resultados: Se evaluaron en total 106 médicos. Los resultados de los test (total 10 preguntas) antes y después del taller fueron 53% de respuesta correctas y 68% respectivamente (p: 0.000). El 65% de los médicos alcanzaron una buena performance (más de 12 respuesta correctas). Conclusión: El porcentaje de aciertos fue mayor después del taller en forma general, la buena performance no se asoció a ninguna característica especifica de los médicos evaluados.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental diagnostic tool in axial spondyloarthritis, it has allowed us, unlike radiography, to diagnose this pathology much earlier. Objective: To estimate the percentage of correct answers in the recognition of SpA MRI lesions and theoretical knowledge, before and after performing an educational intervention. Estimate if the good performance in the tests is associated with individual characteristics of the doctors. Methods: A test was carried out with 10 questions (7 for image recognition and 3 for theoretical knowledge) before and after the development of an MRI image workshop in EspA in diferents cities in Argentina. The correct response number was considered before and after the workshop, and those who achieved more than 12 points between the two evaluations were considered good performance. The following physician characteristics were collected. Results: A total of 106 physicians were evaluated. The results of the tests (total 10 questions) before and after the workshop were 53% and 68% correct, respectively (p:0.000). 65% of the physicians achieved a good performance (more than 12 correct)

Study of Profile of Patients of Osteoarticular Brucellosis in a Rheumatology Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital

Introduction: Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis, causedby a small gram-negative coccobacillus and comprising of 10species, all of which do not cause disease in humans. This studyaimed to highlight the spectrum of clinical manifestationsand laboratory and imaging parameters of cases diagnosedas osteoarticular brucellosis in a Rheumatology Clinic of atertiary hospital.Material and Methods: Records of patients diagnosed asosteoarticular brucellosis based on antibody detection bycomplement fixation test or by ELISA were included in thisstudy. All patients who had positive tests as mentioned abovewere incorporated into the study.Results: Patients of osteoarticular brucellosis were mostlyyoung individuals with no sex preponderance. They neitherrecalled having fever or exposure to livestock, nor didthey belong to the high-risk category like animal handlers,veterinarians, etc. Their presenting features mimickedSpondyloarthritis (SpA). These patients have some commonfeatures which may help in distinguishing them from trueSpA.Conclusion: It is very difficult to distinguish osteoarticularbrucellosis from Spondyloarthritis. Apart from high index ofsuspicion, few clinical and laboratory features may be helpfulas indicators for further evaluation

A rare co-occurrence of anti CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis with sacroiliitis

Sacroiliitis is considered as the most important sign of spondyloarthropathy. Rheumatoid arthritis mainly affects peripheraljoints and the involvement of sacroiliac joint is very rare. The present case study discusses the rare existence of RA andconcurrent chronic bilateral sacroiliitis.

Sinal de Faget como manifestação clínica de brucelose. Relato de caso / Faget's sign as a clinical manifestation of brucellosis: Case report

Relata-se o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 32 anos, comerciante, com manifestações sistêmicas de brucelose, como febre diária contínua, sinal de Faget, lombalgia, cervicalgia, náuseas e cefaleia. Quando questionada, a paciente referiu consumo de leite e queijo não pasteurizados de origem bovina. Nos exames laboratoriais, foram evidenciados leucocitose, linfopenia, proteína C-reativa dentro dos parâmetros da normalidade e ausência de transaminasemia, contrapondo achados clássicos da doença. Os exames de imagem mostraram sinais característicos de sacroileíte. O tratamento foi realizado com doxiciclina 100mg via oral a cada 12 horas e estreptomicina 1g via intramuscular diária. O resultado da titulação para brucelose foi positivo. A paciente teve boa resposta ao tratamento, mantendo-se afebril e em bom estado geral até a alta hospitalar, que ocorreu após 14 dias do início da medicação, tendo sido mantido o tratamento ambulatorialmente. (AU)

A case of a 32-year-old female retailer with systemic manifestations of brucellosis, such as prolonged daily fever, Faget's sign, low back and neck pain, nausea and headache. When questioned, the patient reported consumption of unpasteurized milk and cheese of bovine origin. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis, lymphopenia, normal levels of C-reactive protein, and absence of transaminasemia, contrasting classic findings of the disease Imaging evaluation showed characteristic signs of sacroiliitis. The treatment was performed with doxycycline 100mg orally every 12 hours, and streptomycin 1g intramuscularly once daily. The serology for brucellosis was positive. The patient showed good response to the treatment, remaining afebrile and in good general condition until hospital discharge, which took place 14 days after starting the medication; she remained on treatment in an outpatient setting. (AU)

Topographic MRI evaluation of the sacroiliac joints in patients with axial spondyloarthritis / Avaliação topográfica das articulações sacroilíacas por ressonância magnética em pacientes com espondiloartrite axial

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the imaging features of spondyloarthritis in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac (SI) joint and topography (in thirds) and affected margin, considering that this issue is rarely addressed in the literature. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluating MRI (1.5 T) of SI in 16 patients with axial spondyloarthritis, for the presence of acute (subchondral bone edema, enthesitis, synovitis and capsulitis) and chronic (erosions, subchondral bone sclerosis, bony bridges, and fatty infiltration) changes, performed by two blinded radiologists. MRI findings were correlated with clinical data, including age, duration of disease, medications, HLA-B27, BASDAI, ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP, BASMI, BASFI, and mSASSS. Results: Bone edema pattern and erosions were predominant in the upper third of SI (p = 0.050 and p = 0.0014, respectively). There was a correlation between disease duration and structural changes by affected third (p = 0.028-0.037), as well as between the presence of bone bridges with BASMI (p = 0.028) and mSASSS (p = 0.014). Patients with osteitis in the lower third showed higher values for ASDAS (ESR: p = 0.011 and PCR: p = 0.017). Conclusion: Chronic inflammatory changes and the pattern of bone edema predominated in the upper third of SI, but a simultaneous involvement of middle or lower thirds of the joint was also noted. The location of involvement in the upper third of SI is insufficient to differentiate between degeneration and inflammation.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as características de imagem das espondiloartrites na ressonância magnética (RM) das articulações sacroilíacas (SI) quanto à topografia (em terços) e margem acometida, uma vez que esse aspecto é pouco abordado na literatura. Métodos: Estudo transversal com avaliação por RM (1,5 T) das SI em 16 pacientes com diagnóstico de espondiloartrite axial quanto à presença de alterações agudas (edema ósseo subcondral, entesite, sinovite e capsulite) e crônicas (erosões, esclerose óssea subcondral, ponte óssea e substituição gordurosa), feita por dois radiologistas, cegos para os dados clínicos. Os achados da RM foram correlacionados com dados clínicos, incluindo idade, tempo de doença, medicações, HLA-B27, BASDAI, ASDAS-VHS e ASDAS-PCR, BASMI, BASFI e mSASSS. Resultados: Padrão de edema ósseo e erosões apresentaram predomínio no terço superior das SI (p = 0,050 e p = 0,0014, respectivamente). Houve correlação entre o tempo de doença e alterações estruturais por terço acometido (p = 0,028-0,037), bem como a presença de pontes ósseas com o BASMI (p = 0,028) e o mSASSS (p = 0,014). Pacientes com osteíte no terço inferior apresentaram maiores valores de ASDAS (VHS: p = 0,011 e PCR: p = 0,017). Conclusão: As alterações inflamatórias crônicas e o padrão de edema ósseo predominaram no terço superior das SI, mas também havia acometimento concomitante dos terços médio ou inferior da articulação. A localização do acometimento no terço superior das SI se mostra insuficiente para a diferenciação entre degeneração e inflamação.

Spondyloarthropathy: diagnostic imaging criteria for the detection of sacroiliitis / Espondiloartropatias: critérios de ressonância magnética na detecção da sacroileíte

Abstract Diagnostic imaging is crucial to the diagnosis and monitoring of spondyloarthropathies. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most relevant tool for the early detection of sacroiliitis, allowing the institution of therapeutic strategies to impede the progression of the disease. This study illustrates the major criteria for a magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy. The cases selected here present images obtained from the medical records of patients diagnosed with sacroiliitis over a two-year period at our facility, depicting the active and chronic, irreversible forms of the disease. Although computed tomography and conventional radiography can also identify structural changes, such as subchondral sclerosis, erosions, fat deposits, and ankylosis, only magnetic resonance imaging can reveal active inflammatory lesions, such as bone edema, osteitis, synovitis, enthesitis, and capsulitis.

Resumo A avaliação por imagem é fundamental para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento clínico dos pacientes com espondiloartropatias. A ressonância magnética é o método de imagem mais importante para a detecção precoce de sacroileíte, permitindo a instituição de terapias que podem impedir a progressão da doença. Este estudo ilustra os principais critérios de ressonância magnética na definição de sacroileíte nas espondiloartropatias, com imagens selecionadas dos prontuários dos pacientes diagnosticados no nosso serviço, demonstrando tanto os achados da doença em atividade como as alterações crônicas de caráter irreversível. Embora a tomografia computadorizada e a radiografia convencional possam identificar lesões estruturais crônicas, tais como esclerose subcondral, erosões, depósitos de gordura e anquilose, apenas a ressonância magnética é capaz de demonstrar lesões inflamatórias ativas, tais como edema ósseo, osteíte, sinovite, entesite e capsulite.

Application value of Doppler ultrasound in early active axial spondyloarthropathy / 中国医学影像技术

Objective s To investigate the value of Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing active sacroiliitis of axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA) patients.Methods The Doppler ultrasound and MRI data of 51 patients with early axSpA was retrospectively analyzed.According to MRI results,axSpA patients were divided into active sacroiliitis (active group) and inactive sacroiliitis (inactive group).The color flow display and blood flow resistance index (RI) were compared.Considering MRI as the diagnostic standard,ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of RI in detecting active sacroiliitis.Results There were 32 cases wth 58 joints (6 cases were single active sacroiliitis) in activity group and 19 cases with 38 joints in inactivity group.The flow signals demonstration rate of sacroiliac joint in activity group (51/58,87.93％) was higher than that in inactive group (26/38,68.42％;x2 =5.505,P=0.019).There was no statistical difference of the indegree of blood flow between the two groups (Z=-1.93,P=0.053).RI in active group (0.59±0.08) was lower than that in inactive group (0.71±0.09;t=-6.04;P＜0.001).Taking RI=0.64 for diagnosis of active sacoriliitis in axSpA patients,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate were 80.8％,74.5％ and 78.7％,respectively.Conclusion Through observing abnormal blood flow signals around and internal the sacroiliac joints,ultrasonography can response active sacroiliitis in axSpA patients with higher accuracy.

Value of diffusion weighted imaging and contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of the active phase of ankylosing spondylitis / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion weighted imaging combined with contrast-enhanced MRI(CE-MRI)in activity of sacroiliitis of patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods The AS patients diagnosed in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were selected as the experimental group,and healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.The AS group was divided into the active group and the stable group according to the clinical diagnostic criteria.All subjects were examined with both MRI plain scan and CE-MRI of bilateral sacroiliac joints.ROIs were drawn in the lesion region and the ADC values and signal intensity enhancement rate(△SI)were recorded.△SI and ADC value among the active AS group,chronic group and control group was compared and analyzed.The clinical diagnostic criteria was regarded as the gold standard for the active AS group and the chronic group.The ROC curve was used to evaluate the value of ADC,△SI,ADC, and ADC combined with △SI can detect the efficiency of AS activity.Results Ninety-eight AS patients were enrolled in this study,including 63 cases in the active AS group,35 cases in the chronic AS group,and 23 cases in the control group.The ADC values of the active group,the chronic group and the control group were(1.35 ±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,(1.07±0.20)×10-3mm2/s,(0.36±0.14)×10-3mm2/s,respectively,and ΔSI values were (2.42±0.80)%,(1.28 ± 0.34)% and(0.74 ± 0.22)%.There were significant differences in ΔSI and ADC values among the three groups(F=216.559,56.522.P=0.000).When ADC values were used to assess the activity of AS,the area under the ROC curve was 0.809 and the optimal diagnostic threshold was 1.35×10-3 mm2/s,the sensitivity and specificity of AS activity were 57.1% and 94.3%.When ΔSI values were used,the area under the ROC curve was 0.837 and the sensitivity and specificity were 71.40% and 97.10% with the optimal diagnostic threshold of 1.79%.When ΔSI values were combined with the ADC values,the area was 0.963 and the sensitivity and specificity were 74.6% and 94.3%.Conclusion In assessment of the activity of AS,DWI combined with CE-MRI is most valuable.

Value of diffusion weighted imaging and contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of the active phase of ankylosing spondylitis / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion weighted imaging combined with contrast-enhanced MRI(CE-MRI)in activity of sacroiliitis of patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods The AS patients diagnosed in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were selected as the experimental group,and healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.The AS group was divided into the active group and the stable group according to the clinical diagnostic criteria.All subjects were examined with both MRI plain scan and CE-MRI of bilateral sacroiliac joints.ROIs were drawn in the lesion region and the ADC values and signal intensity enhancement rate(△SI)were recorded.△SI and ADC value among the active AS group,chronic group and control group was compared and analyzed.The clinical diagnostic criteria was regarded as the gold standard for the active AS group and the chronic group.The ROC curve was used to evaluate the value of ADC,△SI,ADC, and ADC combined with △SI can detect the efficiency of AS activity.Results Ninety-eight AS patients were enrolled in this study,including 63 cases in the active AS group,35 cases in the chronic AS group,and 23 cases in the control group.The ADC values of the active group,the chronic group and the control group were(1.35 ±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,(1.07±0.20)×10-3mm2/s,(0.36±0.14)×10-3mm2/s,respectively,and ΔSI values were (2.42±0.80)%,(1.28 ± 0.34)% and(0.74 ± 0.22)%.There were significant differences in ΔSI and ADC values among the three groups(F=216.559,56.522.P=0.000).When ADC values were used to assess the activity of AS,the area under the ROC curve was 0.809 and the optimal diagnostic threshold was 1.35×10-3 mm2/s,the sensitivity and specificity of AS activity were 57.1% and 94.3%.When ΔSI values were used,the area under the ROC curve was 0.837 and the sensitivity and specificity were 71.40% and 97.10% with the optimal diagnostic threshold of 1.79%.When ΔSI values were combined with the ADC values,the area was 0.963 and the sensitivity and specificity were 74.6% and 94.3%.Conclusion In assessment of the activity of AS,DWI combined with CE-MRI is most valuable.

Septic sacroiliitis in the late postpartum due to Escherichia cóli / Sacroiliitis séptica por Escherichia cóli en el puerperio tardío

Septic sacroiliitis is an unusual condition, and due to its non-specific symptoms, the diagnosis is often delayed. It should be suspected in cases in which inflammatory back pain and systemic inflammatory signs co-exist, especially in people with risk factors, such as postpartum. The case is presented of a woman, who in the late postpartum, presented with sacroiliitis and severe sepsis due to Escherichia coli. This is the second report of a case of septic sacroiliitis due to E. coli associated with pregnancy.

La sacroiliitis séptica es una condición inusual, a menudo el diagnóstico se hace de forma tardía debido a la poca especificidad de los síntomas. Debe ser sospechada en casos donde coexista dolor lumbar inflamatorio y signos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, especialmente en personas con factores de riesgo tales como el puerperio. En este artículo reportamos el caso de una mujer quien durante el puerperio tardío presentó sacroiliitis por Escherichia coli y sepsis grave secundaria, siendo este el segundo caso reportado de sacroiliitis séptica por Escherichia coli asociada al embarazo.

Sacroileitis unilateral como manifestación inicial de endocarditis infecciosa / Unilateral sacroileitis as the initial manifestation of infective endocarditis

La sacroileítis unilateral como manifestación inicial de endocarditis bacteriana es una forma inusual de presentación. Frecuentementelos síntomas reumatológicos anteceden en días o incluso en meses a los síntomas clásicos de la endocarditis, simulando enfermedades reumatológicas o infecciosas, generando un retraso en el diagnóstico. Los agentes etiológicos que suelen asociarsea estas formas de presentación son Staphyloccus aureus y Streptococcus viridans. Es importante considerar estas formas de presentación para arribar a un diagnóstico temprano y así intentar disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones y la mortalidad...

Unilateral sacroileitis as the initial manifestation of bacterial endocarditis is an unusual form of presentation. Frequently the rheumatologic symptoms appear days or even months before the classic symptoms of endocarditis, simulating rheumatologic or infectiousdiseases and delaying the diagnosis. The etiologic agents most frequently associated with these presentations are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans. It is important to be aware of these forms of presentation in order to arrive to an early diagnosis, prevent the risk of complications, and reduce mortality...